Diagnostic anti-Pestivirus antibodies pairs and antigen for animal health (animal Cat/Feline, Dog/Canine, Bovines/Cattle, Ovines/Sheep, Caprine/Goat, Fish, Swine/Porcine/Pig, Avian/Bird/Poultry, Deer infectious disease diarrhoea and respiratory disease) testing in ELISA, colloidal gold-based Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), CLIA, TINIA and POCT

Genemedi produces core animal health diagnostic ingredients-validated anti-Pestivirus antibodies pairs and antigens for rapid test kit of animal Cat/Feline, Dog/Canine, Bovines/Cattle, Ovines/Sheep, Caprine/Goat, Fish, Swine/Porcine/Pig, Avian/Bird/Poultry, Deer infectious disease with diarrhoea and respiratory disease to evaluate the  animal health of Multiple species (Avian/Bird/Poultry, Fish, Pet, Ruminants, Swine/Porcine/Pig).

The paired antibodies are both monoclonal antibodies (mab).

All the antibodies and antigens of  animal disease test are suitable for in ELISA, colloidal gold-based Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), CLIA, TINIA and POCT. The antibody can act as a capture antibody and detection antibody. Antigens are validated as positive control materials.

Pestivirus is a member of the Flaviviridae family, which also includes several other important human and animal pathogens such as yellow fever virus, dengue virus, West Nile virus, and Zika virus. Pestiviruses are known to cause significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to their ability to infect various domestic and wild ruminants and swine.

Pestiviruses have a simple structure, consisting of a single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 12.3 kb that is enclosed within an icosahedral capsid and a host-derived lipid envelope. The genome is made up of a single open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). The ORF encodes a large polyprotein that is cleaved into individual non-structural and structural proteins by viral and host proteases.

The non-structural proteins play crucial roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, including viral RNA synthesis, evasion of host immune defenses, and hijacking of host cellular machinery. The structural proteins, including glycoproteins E1 and E2, are responsible for viral entry into host cells and assembly of virions. The glycoproteins form heterodimers that are involved in viral attachment to host cell receptors and subsequent fusion with host cell membranes, leading to the establishment of viral infection.

Many different pestivirus strains have been identified in various parts of the world. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the most well-known pestivirus and is divided into two biotypes: cytopathic and non-cytopathic. Cytopathic BVDV causes severe disease in cattle, while non-cytopathic strains evade immune detection and can lead to persistent infection and immunotolerance in infected animals. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), also known as hog cholera virus, infects domestic and wild swine and can cause severe hemorrhagic disease.

Pestivirus infections can lead to a range of clinical signs and symptoms depending on the host species, immune status, and the strain virulence. Infection in cattle can cause a variety of clinical manifestations including fever, diarrhea, respiratory distress, abortions, and congenital malformations. In sheep and goats, pestivirus infection can lead to chronic wasting, growth retardation, and reproductive failure. Classical swine fever can cause severe acute or chronic disease, with symptoms including high fever, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and hemorrhage.

Diagnostic methods for pestivirus include ELISA, PCR, and virus isolation. ELISA is a serological test that detects antibodies against specific viral antigens. PCR is a molecular diagnostic tool that targets viral nucleic acids in clinical samples such as blood, serum, or tissue. Virus isolation involves culturing the virus in cell culture, followed by detection using various techniques such as immunofluorescence or ELISA. Detection methods target various viral proteins such as the RNA polymerase gene, NS3, and glycoproteins E1 and E2.

In conclusion, Pestivirus is a significant animal pathogen that can cause severe economic losses and public health threats. The virus has a simple structure, consisting of a single-stranded RNA genome and structural and non-structural proteins. The virus can infect a range of host species, leading to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. A variety of diagnostic methods are available for detecting Pestivirus infection, including ELISA, PCR, and virus isolation.

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Description

Q&A

Q: What is Pestivirus?
A: Pestivirus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family that infects various domestic and wild ruminants and swine, causing a range of diseases such as Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Mucosal Disease, Classical Swine Fever, and Border Disease.

Q: How does Pestivirus replicate and cause disease?
A: Pestivirus replicates in host cells by hijacking host cellular machinery and evading immune defenses. Non-structural proteins play vital roles in viral replication, while structural proteins such as glycoproteins E1 and E2 mediate viral entry into host cells. The virus can interfere with host immune defense mechanisms, leading to various pathogenic effects.

Q: How is Pestivirus detected?
A: There are several diagnostic methods for Pestivirus detection, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation. These techniques target various viral proteins, such as RNA polymerase gene, non-structural protein 3 (NS3), and glycoproteins E1 and E2.

Q: Can Pestivirus infections be prevented?
A: Yes, vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Pestivirus infections in livestock. Several commercial vaccines are available for cattle and swine, which provide protection against different strains and biotypes of the virus. Biosecurity measures, such as quarantine and herd health management, are also important for preventing the spread of the virus.

Q: Is Pestivirus a zoonotic disease?
A: Although Pestivirus infections are primarily a concern for animal health, some strains of Pestivirus have been shown to infect humans in rare instances. However, human infections are generally mild and self-limiting, with symptoms resembling those of a common cold. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of Pestivirus.