Antibiotics compound antibody & antigen(hapten) for immunoassay and food/feed safety rapid test

Antibiotics have been used in animal husbandry for growth promotion and treatment of infections since their inception for human medicine. This is especially important in intensive animal farming methods where there is a higher risk of antibiotic residues in foods such as raw milk, poultry, cattle, pork, fish, etc. The presence of antimicrobial residues (AR) in farm foods poses a significant risk of allergic reactions, toxicity, carcinogenic effects, selection of resistant bacteria, disruption of human normal flora, provoke immunological response, and inhibition of starter cultures. Developing countries have a higher risk of residues due to a lack of detection facilities and regulatory bodies for controlling drug residue levels in food in the form of maximum residue limits (MRLs). To prevent/minimize the risk of antimicrobial residue in milk, different methods of detection of residue to the standard limit level in all food items are possible by chemical, microbiological, and immunological assays. Genemedi has developed antibodies and antigens to detect the MRL of various antibiotics in food such as raw milk, poultry, cattle, pork, fish, etc. Different samples may require different detection methods such as ELISA, Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, Chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (TINIA), immunonephelometry, and POCT.

Antibiotics are chemical compounds produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Since their discovery in the early 20th century, antibiotics have revolutionized the field of medicine significantly, improving the outcome for patients suffering from bacterial infections. Several classes of antibiotics are commonly used in clinical practice, including beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones, targeting different aspects of bacterial cell physiology, making them effective against specific types of bacteria. The mode of action of many antibiotics involves binding to specific proteins within the bacterial cell, such as beta-lactam antibiotics that bind to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) involved in peptidoglycan synthesis, causing the bacterial cell wall to break down. Macrolide antibiotics bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit, impeding protein synthesis and killing the bacteria.

Apart from their therapeutic use, antibiotics are essential tools for diagnostics. The susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics can be tested in the laboratory, allowing physicians to choose the most suitable antibiotic for treating a particular infection. This is critical in light of the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, where bacteria evolve mechanisms to evade the effects of antibiotics. Emerging techniques such as anti-small molecule antibodies and small molecule competitive antigens hold promise in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibodies produced by the body's immune system are capable of recognizing and binding to specific molecules, including antibiotics, thereby increasing their efficacy and reducing side effects. Small molecule competitive antigens work by mimicking the structure of the antibiotic molecule and competing for binding sites on the bacterial protein, preventing the bacteria from developing resistance. Overall, antibiotics are indispensable in modern medicine and the continued development of new tools like anti-small molecule antibodies and small molecule competitive antigens holds great promise for improving their efficacy and mitigating the risk of antibiotic resistance.

Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for Veterinary Drugs in Foods.

Q&A

Q1. What are antibiotics?
A1. Antibiotics are chemical compounds produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

Q2. What are some common classes of antibiotics?
A2. Some common classes of antibiotics include beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

Q3. What are the risks of antibiotic residues in food?
A3. Antibiotic residues in food pose a significant risk of allergic reactions, toxicity, carcinogenic effects, selection of resistant bacteria, disruption of human normal flora, provoke immunological response, and inhibition of starter cultures.

Q4. How can antibiotic resistance be mitigated?
A4. Emerging techniques such as anti-small molecule antibodies and small molecule competitive antigens hold promise in enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics and mitigating the risk of antibiotic resistance.

Q5. What are the benefits of using antibiotics in animal husbandry?
A5. Antibiotics are used in animal husbandry for growth promotion and treatment of infections, improving animal health and welfare, reducing disease spread, and ensuring a stable food supply. However, it should be noted that the overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry can contribute to antibiotic resistance and human health threats. Hence, responsible use of antibiotics is crucial in animal husbandry.




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