Products & solutions & information collection of COVID-19 vaccines, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and efficacy evaluation solutions.

pdf downloadPSV validated Data Poster Download                            pdf downloadProtocol Download 

Content index

Background:

Challenge of COVID-19 vaccine discovery & development
-- to meet accumulated mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and a long-term viral genome transcrption

Products & Procotol Collection:
Efficacy Assay/Evaluation Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutic antibodies

1. Products & inf collection of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) UK B.1.1.7 lineage and South Africa 501Y.V2 lineage Picture loading failed.

2. Multiple variants of Spike protein & ACE2 competition binding assay Picture loading failed.
-- (UK-B.1.1.7, South African-501Y.V2, Trimer, N501Y, D614G,etc)

3. Multi-Variants™ SARS-CoV2 Pseudovirus-Based Neutralization Assay System Picture loading failed.Picture loading failed.
-- (D614G, N501Y, E484K, B.1.1.7, 501Y.V2, etc.)

4. Multi-Variants™ Codon-optimized mammalian expression vector & Adenoviral vector (Hot)
-- (D614G, N501Y, E484K, B.1.1.7, 501Y.V2, etc.)

5. 293T-ACE2 stable cell line & human ACE2 expression vectors
-- Effector cell of pseudotype virus-Based Neutralization Assay System.

6. Validated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
-- Benchmark COVID-19 Neutralizing antibodies

Information Collection:

1. Landscape of global COVID-19 vaccine candidates development

       · Supplementary Table 1. 52 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation

       · Supplementary Table 2. 162 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation

2. COVID-19 Guidance and information collection on the new mutant variants

3. COVID-19 News and announcements collection on the new mutant variants

4. About COVID-19 Pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Reference Click to check>>



BACKGROUND



Challenge of COVID-19 vaccine discovery & development: to meet accumulated mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and a long-term viral genome transcrption

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is novel viral pneumonia caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also called 2019nCoV). The world is in midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective vaccines are needed to halt the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Based on the data from WTO, there are 52 COVID-19 vaccines in clinical stage (Supplementary Table 1.) and 162 COVID-19 vaccine candidates in pre-clinical stage (Supplementary Table 2.) 2 mRNA vaccines, the BNT162b2 from Pfizer&BioNTech and the mRNA-1273 from Moderna, have recently been issued the emergency use authorization (EUA) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of COVID-19 in individuals 16 years of age and older.

The efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine candidates need carefully investigated, from pre-clinical, clinal stage to a long time after BLA. There are 2 important items here:

Firstly, the coronavirus is kept accumulated mutating. The most important mutation occurs in SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) Spike protein (SARS-CoV-2 S protein). The SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) Spike mediates binding and entry into host cells and is a major target of neutralizing antibodies. Most of the COVID-19 vaccines focus on spike protein1,4-6.

Different SARS-CoV-2 lineages with diverse Spike protein mutant variants may yield a heavy impact on the course of the pandemic2-3. The United Kingdom (UK) has faced a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases caused by a novel SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) lineage, the B.1.1.7 lineage, which carries a larger than a usual number of coronavirus genetic changes7-8, particularly in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein（Table 1）7.

Table 1 | All mutations and deletions occur in COVID-19 SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) B.1.1.7 lineage
(Click to more details about B.1.1.7 lineage related products).

Gene Nucleotide Amino acid
ORF1abC3267TT1001I
C5388AA1708D
T6954CI2230T
11288-11296 deletionSGF 3675-3677 deletion
spike21765-21770 deletionHV 69-70 deletion (Click to more details
about HV 69-70 deletion related products)
21991-21993 deletionY144 deletion
A23063TN501Y (Click to more details
about N501Y related products)
C23271AA570D
C23604AP681H
C23709TT716I
T24506GS982A
G24914CD1118H
Orf8C27972TQ27stop
G28048TR52I
A28111GY73C
N28280 GAT->CTAD3L
C28977TS235F
Secondly, SARS-CoV-2 was reported to integrate into the genome, which means a stable long-term expression of transcript products of SARS-CoV-2 9.

In conclusion, the Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and neutralized antibodies need long-term tracking, which mainly focuses on the novel spike protein mutation occurring in the new lineage variant of SARS-CoV2. The efficacy evaluation solution and tools of COVID-19 vaccines and neutralized antibodies need continually updated.



PRODUCTS & PROCOTOL COLLECTION


GeneMedi Efficacy Assay/Evaluation Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV2(2019nCoV)

To meet accumulated mutating of SARS-CoV-2, GeneMedi keeps continually developing novel solutions and tools for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines (and neutralized antibodies) against novel mutant SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) lineages. Our scientist's team takes duty in fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic with our global industrial and academic partners.

1. GeneMedi information and products collection of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) UK B.1.1.7 lineage and South Africa 501Y.V2 lineage

Background Reading:
Information and products collection of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) UK B.1.1.7 lineage
Information and products collection of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) South Africa 501Y.V2 lineage

GeneMedi pseudotyped virus (pseudovirus) of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) B.1.1.7 lineage

GeneMedi pseudotyped virus (pseudovirus) of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) 501Y.V2 lineage

SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) B.1.1.7 lineage of Spike protein & ACE2 competition binding assay for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies

SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) 501Y.V2 lineage(B.1.351) of Spike protein & ACE2 competition binding assay for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies

GeneMedi codon-optimized spike mammalian expression vector for SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) B.1.1.7 lineage

GeneMedi codon-optimized spike mammalian expression vector for SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) South Africa 501Y.V2 lineage(B.1.351).

2. Multiple variants of Spike protein & ACE2 competition binding assay for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies



The Spike proteins variants that GeneMedi offer is including:

1) Multiple variants of recombinant Spike protein for Spike protein & ACE2 competition binding assay for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies

2) Recombinant human ACE2 protein products

Cat No. Antigen Name of 2019-nCoV(SARS-CoV-2) Isotypes Order
GMP-H-ACE2001Recombinant human solubale ACE2 protein
(soluble hACE2, extracellular hACE2, C-His)		Mammalian (human cell)Picture loading failed.
GMP-H-ACE2002Recombinant human solubale ACE2 protein
(soluble hACE2, extracellular hACE2, C-His)		Mammalian (human cell)Picture loading failed.
- Competition assay for neutralizing antibodies, peptides inhibitor and vaccines-immunized serums
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Figure. Immobilized 2019-nCoV S Protein RBD-C-His (GMP-V-2019nCoV-SRBD001) can bind 10μg/ml of Human ACE-2-Fc (GMP-H-ACE2002)



3. Multi-Variants™ SARS-CoV2 (wildtype, D614G, N501Y, E484K, B.1.1.7 lineage, 501Y.V2 lineage, and so on) Pseudotype virus-Based Neutralization Assay System for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies (Lentiviral pseudovirus)

Protocol: GeneMedi SARS-CoV2 pseudovirus-based neutralization assay-protocol        pdf downloadProtocol Download

4. Codon-optimized mammalian expression vector for SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) spike wide type & mutant variants (D614G, N501Y, E484K, B.1.1.7 lineage, 501Y.V2 lineage, and so on)

Cat No. Gene &Vector description of 2019 nCoV Vector Order
GMV-V-2019nCoV-017 pGM-2019nCoV-spike protein (S protein,S1+S2) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-008 pGM-2019nCoV-spike protein (S protein,S1+S2) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-054 pGM-2019nCoV-spike D614G protein (S protein,S1+S2，D614G) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-057 pGM-2019nCoV-spike S943P protein (S protein,S1+S2，S943P) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-058 pGM-2019nCoV-spike V367F protein (S protein,S1+S2，V367F) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-059 pGM-2019nCoV-spike G476S protein (S protein,S1+S2，G476S) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-060 pGM-2019nCoV-spike V483A protein (S protein,S1+S2，V483A) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-061 pGM-2019nCoV-spike H49Y protein (S protein,S1+S2，H49Y) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-062 pGM-2019nCoV-spike Q239K protein (S protein,S1+S2，Q239K) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-063 pGM-2019nCoV-spike A831V protein (S protein,S1+S2，A831V) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-064 pGM-2019nCoV-spike P1263L protein (S protein,S1+S2，P1263L) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-065 pGM-2019nCoV-spike D839Y/N/E-D839Y protein (S protein,S1+S2，D839Y/N/E-D839Y) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-066 pGM-2019nCoV-spike D839Y/N/E-D839N protein (S protein,S1+S2，D839Y/N/E-D839N ) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-067 pGM-2019nCoV-spike D839Y/N/E-D839E protein (S protein,S1+S2，D839Y/N/E-D839E) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-099 pGM-2019nCoV-Spike trimer ( P2-mutant,S1/S2 cleavage site（furin cleavage sequence)-mutant,trimerization modified) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-100 pGM-Spike of SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage whole mutation pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-101 pGM-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2)-RBD N501Y mutation(B.1.1.7 lineage RBD) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-102 pGM-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2)-S1 HV 69-70 Deletion mutation(ΔH69/ΔV70,B.1.1.7 lineage) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-107 pGM-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2)-E484K mutation(501Y.V2 lineage) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-109 pGM-Spike(S1+S2)RBD triple mutation of 501Y.V2 lineage(K417N, E484K and N501Y) pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-111 pGM-Spike (S1+S2) whole mutation variant of SARS-CoV-2(2019nCoV) 501Y.V2 lineage pcDNA3.1(+) Picture loading failed.


Codon-optimized viral particle (Adenovirus, Lentivirus, AAV) for SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) spike wide type & mutant variants (D614G, N501Y, E484K, B.1.1.7 lineage, 501Y.V2 lineage, and so on)

Cat No. Gene &Vector description of 2019 nCoV Vector Reporter Order
GMV-V-2019nCoV-051 pGMLV-2019nCoV-spike（S1+S2,C-6His） Lentiviral vector Zsgreen Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-001 pGMLV-2019nCoV-spike（S1+S2,C-6His） Lentiviral vector Zsgreen Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-053 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2,C-3FLAG） Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-047 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2,C-3FLAG） Pre-made adenovirus EGFP Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-002 pGMLV-2019nCoV-S1（C-6His） Lentiviral vector Zsgreen Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-048 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S1 protein,C-3FLAG） Pre-made adenovirus EGFP Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-003 pGMLV-2019nCoV-Spike RBD（C-6His） Lentiviral vector Zsgreen Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-007 pGMAAV-2019nCoV-Spike RBD（C-3FLAG） AAV vector Zsgreen Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-050 AAV-2019nCoV-Spike(S protein RBD,C-3FLAG） Pre-made AAV Zsgreen Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-049 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S protein RBD,C-3FLAG） Pre-made adenovirus EGFP Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-056 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike D614G (S protein,S1+S2，D614G) Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-103 pGM-2019nCoV-Spike trimer ( P2-mutant,S1/S2 cleavage site（furin cleavage sequence)-mutant,trimerization modified) Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-104 pGM-Spike of SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage whole mutation Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-105 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2)-RBD N501Y mutation(B.1.1.7 lineage RBD) Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-106 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2)-S1 HV 69-70 Deletion mutation(ΔH69/ΔV70,B.1.1.7 lineage) Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-108 Ad-2019nCoV-Spike(S1+S2)-E484K mutation(501Y.V2 lineage) Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-110 Ad-Spike(S1+S2)RBD triple mutation of 501Y.V2 lineage(K417N, E484K and N501Y) Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-112 Ad-Spike (S1+S2) whole mutation variant of SARS-CoV-2(2019nCoV) 501Y.V2 lineage Pre-made adenovirus null Picture loading failed.


5. 293T-ACE2 stable cell line & human ACE2 expression vectors: Effector cell of pseudotype virus-Based Neutralization Assay System for efficacy evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic antibodies (Lentiviral pseudovirus)

Human ACE2 overexpression stable HEK293T cell lines. Catalot Number: GM-SC-293T-hACE2-01 Click here for details
Product list: Human ACE2 expression vectors
Cat No. 2019 nCoV
related Gene		 Gene &Vector description of 2019 nCoV Vector Reporter Tag codon
Optimized		 Order
GMV-V-2019nCoV-045 TMPRSS2 pGMLv-hTMPRSS2(C-3FLAG) Lentiviral vector Zsgreen C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-041 ACE2 pGMLV-hACE2(C-3FLAG) Lentiviral vector Zsgreen C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-042 ACE2 pAD-hACE2(C-3FLAG) Pre-made Adenovirus EGFP C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-046 TMPRSS2 pGMLv-mtmprss2(C-3FLAG) Lentiviral vector Zsgreen C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-043 ACE2 pAD-mACE2(C-3FLAG) Pre-made Adenovirus EGFP C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-044 ACE2 pGMLV-mACE2(C-3FLAG) Lentiviral vector Zsgreen C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.

Validation of hACE2 overexpression stable HEK293T cell lines (Cat. GM-SC-293T‐hACE2-01)
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Figure. ACE2 mRNA level Validation in hACE2 overexpression stable HEK293T cell lines: Cat. GM‐SC‐293T‐hACE2‐01 (A) and the cell lines were tested as Mycoplasma free (B).

Products list: Human ACE2 overexpression stable HEK293T cell lines
Cat No. 2019 nCoV
related Gene		 Gene &Vector description of 2019 nCoV Vector Reporter Tag codon
Optimized		 Order
GMV-V-2019nCoV-041 ACE2 pGMLV-hACE2(C-3FLAG) Lentiviral vector Zsgreen C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-042 ACE2 pAD-hACE2(C-3FLAG) Pre-made Adenovirus EGFP C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-043 ACE2 pAD-mACE2(C-3FLAG) Pre-made Adenovirus EGFP C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.
GMV-V-2019nCoV-044 ACE2 pGMLV-mACE2(C-3FLAG) Lentiviral vector Zsgreen C-3FLAG No Picture loading failed.


6. Validated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies-benchmark COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies.

Cat No. Antigen Name of 2019-nCoV(SARS-CoV-2) Source
(Expression Host)		 Isotypes Bioactivity validation Order
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb001Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)Mammalian (human cell)human IgG1Validated in COVID-19 Spike protein and Spike-RBD protein binding affnity.
COVID-19 related neutralizing potency is validated by
1.2019nCoV pseudotyped virus based neutralization assay in 293T-ACE2 effector cell.
2. competitively blocking the binding of ACE-2 receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.		 Picture loading failed.
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb002Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgM)Mammalian (human cell)human IgMValidated in COVID-19 Spike protein and Spike-RBD protein binding affnity.
COVID-19 related neutralizing potency is validated by
1.2019nCoV pseudotyped virus based neutralization assay in 293T-ACE2 effector cell.
2. competitively blocking the binding of ACE-2 receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.		 Picture loading failed.
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb003Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgA)Mammalian (human cell)human IgAValidated in COVID-19 Spike protein and Spike-RBD protein binding affnity.
COVID-19 related neutralizing potency is validated by
1.2019nCoV pseudotyped virus based neutralization assay in 293T-ACE2 effector cell.
2. competitively blocking the binding of ACE-2 receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.		 Picture loading failed.
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb004Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)Mammalian (human cell)mouse IgG1Validated in COVID-19 Spike protein and Spike-RBD protein binding affnity.
COVID-19 related neutralizing potency is validated by
1.2019nCoV pseudotyped virus based neutralization assay in 293T-ACE2 effector cell.
2. competitively blocking the binding of ACE-2 receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.		 Picture loading failed.
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb005Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) Cynomolgus monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)Mammalian (human cell)Cynomolgus (Non human primate, NHP) IgG1Validated in COVID-19 Spike protein and Spike-RBD protein binding affnity.
COVID-19 related neutralizing potency is validated by
1.2019nCoV pseudotyped virus based neutralization assay in 293T-ACE2 effector cell.
2. competitively blocking the binding of ACE-2 receptor with SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.		 Picture loading failed.


GeneMedi-SARS-CoV-2 WT and Spike Mutation Variants Pseudovirus (PSV) Based Neutralizing 
Assay with GeneMedi's anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs)
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Figure. The Pseudovirus (PSV) Based Neutralizing Assay was performed on 293T-hACE2 cells infected with GeneMedi-SARS-CoV-2 WT and Spike Mutation Variants (D614G, S943P, V367F, G476S, V483A, H49Y, Q239K, A831V, P1263L, D839Y/N/E:D839Y, D839N, D839E) Pseudovirus (PSV) under treatment of GeneMedi's anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) . Inhibition rate was determined by comparing the relative RFP+GFP+/GFP+ rate.

GeneMedi's anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) and Spike RBD protein binding validation
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Cat No. Product EC50 (ng/ml)
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb001 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1) 5
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb002 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgM) 18
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb003 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgA) 410
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb004 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1) 6.8
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb005 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) Cynomolgus monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1) 28
Figure. The binding of GeneMedi's anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) to Recombinant 2019-nCoV(SARS-CoV-2) Spike RBD protein (GMP-V-2019nCoV-SRBD001) at 5.0ug/ml (100uL/well) was measured by ELISA.

A.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb001:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)
B.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb002:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgM)
C.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb003:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgA)
D.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb004:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)
E.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb005:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) Cynomolgus monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)

GeneMedi's anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) competitive binding assay validation
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Cat No. Product IC50 (ng/ml)
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb001 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1) 26.3
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb002 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgM) 84.2
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb003 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgA) 20.5
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb004 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1) 81.9
GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb005 Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) Cynomolgus monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1) 243
Figure. GeneMedi's anti-2019-nCoV Spike Neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) block Recombinant 2019-nCoV(SARS-CoV-2) Spike RBD protein (GMP-V-2019nCoV-SRBD001) and hACE2 (GMP-H-ACE2002) binding.

A.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb001:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)
B.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb002:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgM)
C.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb003:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) human monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgA)
D.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb004:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)
E.GMP-V-2019nCoV-SnAb005:Anti-2019-nCoV Spike (Spike RBD domain) Cynomolgus monoclonal neutralizing antibody (IgG1)

GeneMedi's efficacy evaluation solutions will be useful for your anti-COVID-19 candidates funtional assay and evaluation,which is including:
1) Types of Vaccines (by testing immunized serum from human, mouse, NHP etc.)
2) Neutralizing antibodies
3) Peptides blockers (peptide inhibitors)
4) Compounds targeting Spike induced cell-fusion.

INFORMATION COLLECTION



1. Landscape of global COVID-19 vaccine candidates development



Supplementary Table 1. 52 candidate vaccines in clinical evaluation
COVID-19 Vaccine developer
/manufacturer 		Vaccine platform Type of candidate vaccine Number of doses Timing of doses Route of Adminis-
tration 		Clinical Stage
Phase 1 Phase 1/2 Phase 2 Phase 3
Sinovac Inactivated Inactivated 2 0,14 days IM NCT04383574
NCT04352608
Study Report
NCT04551547 		NCT04456595
669/UN6.KEP/EC/2020
NCT04582344 
NCT04617483
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm Inactivated Inactivated 2 0,21 days IM ChiCTR2000031809
Interim Report 		ChiCTR2000034780
ChiCTR2000039000
NCT04612972
Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm Inactivated Inactivated 2 0,21 days IM ChiCTR2000032459
Study Report 		ChiCTR2000034780
NCT04560881
Bharat Biotech Inactivated Whole-Virion Inactivated 2 0, 28 days IM CTRI/2020/07/026300
CTRI/2020/09/027674
 CTRI/2020/11/028976
NCT04641481
University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Non-Replicating Viral Vector ChAdOx1-S 2 0,28 days IM PACTR202006922165132
2020-001072-15
NCT04568031
Interim Report
 2020-001228-32
Study Report
 ISRCTN89951424
NCT04516746
NCT04540393
CTRI/2020/08/027170
CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adenovirus Type 5 Vector 1 IM ChiCTR2000030906
NCT04568811
Study Report
 ChiCTR2000031781
NCT04566770
Study Report
 NCT04526990
NCT04540419
Gamaleya Research Institute Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adeno-based (rAd26-S+rAd5-S) 2 0,21 days IM NCT04436471
NCT04437875
Study Report
 NCT04587219
NCT04640233
 NCT04530396
NCT04564716
NCT04642339
Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adenovirus Type 26 vector 1 2 0 0, 56 days IM NCT04436276
NCT04509947
 NCT04535453
 NCT04505722
ISRCTN14722499
Novavax Protein Subunit Full length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Matrix M 2 0,21 days IM NCT04368988
Study Report
 NCT04533399
(phase 2b)
 2020-004123-16
NCT04611802
Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Protein Subunit Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer) expressed in CHO cells 3 0, 28, 56 days IM NCT04445194
NCT04636333
 NCT04550351
 NCT04466085
 ChiCTR2000040153
Moderna/NIAID RNA LNP-encapsulated mRNA 2 0,28 days IM NCT04283461
Interim Report
Final Report
 NCT04405076
 NCT04470427
BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer RNA 3 LNP-mRNAs 2 0,21 days IM NCT04368728
Study Report
 2020-001038-36
ChiCTR2000034825
NCT04537949
NCT04588480
Study Report1
Study Report2
 NCT04368728
Medicago Inc. VLP Plant-derived VLP adjuvanted with AS03. 2 0, 21 days IM NCT04450004
 NCT04636697
Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ International Vaccine Institute DNA DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation 2 0, 28 days ID NCT04447781
NCT04336410
 NCT04642638
ChiCTR2000040146
Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy/ Xiamen University Replicating Viral Vector Intranasal flu-based-RBD 1 IN

West China Hospital, Sichuan University Protein Subunit RBD (baculovirus production expressed in Sf9 cells) 2 or 3 0, 28 days and 0,14, 28 days IM
ChiCTR2000039994
Curevac RNA mRNA 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04449276
 NCT04515147
Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Inactivated Inactivated 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04412538
 NCT04470609
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan Inactivated Inactivated 2 0, 21 days IM NCT04530357
Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products Co., Ltd. Inactivated Inactivated 2 IM ChiCTR2000038804
 ChiCTR2000039462
Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio DNA DNA plasmid vaccine + Adjuvant 2 0, 14 days IM NCT04463472
NCT04527081
Cadila Healthcare Limited DNA DNA plasmid vaccine 3 0, 28, 56 days ID CTRI/2020/07/026352
Genexine Consortium DNA DNA Vaccine (GX-19) 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04445389
Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc Protein Subunit RBD-based 2 0, 21 days IM NCT04473690
Sanofi Pasteur/GSK Protein Subunit S protein (baculovirus production) 2 0, 21 days IM NCT04537208
Biological E Ltd Protein Subunit Adjuvanted protein subunit (RBD) 2 0, 28 days IM CTRI/2020/11/029032
Israel Institute for Biological Research Replicating Viral Vector VSV-S 1 IM NCT04608305
Arcturus/Duke-NUS RNA mRNA IM NCT04480957
SpyBiotech/Serum Institute of India VLP RBD-HBsAg VLPs 2 0, 28 days IM ACTRN12620000817943
Symvivo DNA bacTRL-Spike 1 Oral NCT04334980
Providence Health & Services DNA electroporated S protein plasmid DNA vaccine with or without the combination of electroporated IL- 12p70 plasmid 2 0, 28 days ID NCT04627675
Codagenix/Serum Institute of India Live Attenuated Virus Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines 1 or 2 0 or 0,28 days IN NCT04619628
ImmunityBio, Inc. & NantKwest Inc. Non-Replicating Viral Vector hAd5 S+N 2nd Generation Human Adenovirus Type 5 Vector (hAd5) Spike (S) + Nucleocapsid (N) 2 0, 21 days SC NCT04591717
ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells Non-Replicating Viral Vector Replication defective Simian Adenovirus (GRAd) encoding S 1 IM NCT04528641
CanSino Biological Inc/Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, PLA of China Non-Replicating Viral Vector Ad5-nCoV 2 0, 28 days IM/mucosal NCT04552366
Vaxart Non-Replicating Viral Vector Ad5 adjuvanted Oral Vaccine platform 2 0, 28 days Oral NCT04563702
Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich Non-Replicating Viral Vector MVA-SARS-2-S 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04569383
City of Hope, USA Replicating Viral Vector SARS-CoV-2 S and NP genes inserted into a sMVA vector 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04639466
Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax Protein Subunit Native like Trimeric subunit Spike Protein vaccine 2 0, 21 days IM NCT04405908
Vaxine Pty Ltd/Medytox Protein Subunit Recombinant spike protein with Advax™ adjuvant 1 IM NCT04453852
University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus Protein Subunit Molecular clamp stabilized Spike protein with MF59 adjuvant 2 0, 28 days IM ACTRN12620000674932p
ISRCTN51232965
Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax Protein Subunit S-2P protein + CpG 1018 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04487210
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba Protein Subunit rRBD produced in CHO-cell chemically conjugate to tetanus toxoid 2 0, 28 days IM IFV/COR/06
Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba Protein Subunit RBD + Adjuvant 2 0, 28 days IM IFV/COR/04
IFV/COR/05
FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo Protein Subunit Peptide 2 0, 21 days IM NCT04527575
University Hospital Tuebingen Protein Subunit SARS-CoV-2 HLA-DR peptides 1 SC NCT04546841
COVAXX / United Biomedical Inc. Asia Protein Subunit Multitope peptide-based S1-RBD- protein vaccine 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04545749
Chinese Academy of Military Sciences Protein Subunit Subunit expressed in CHO cells 2 or 3 0, 14 days or 0,14, 28 days IM
Merck Sharp & Dohme/IAVI Replicating Viral Vector Replication-competent VSV delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 IM NCT04569786
Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburg CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme Replicating Viral Vector Measles-vector based 1 or 2 0, 28 days IM NCT04497298
Imperial College London RNA LNP-nCoVsaRNA 2 IM ISRCTN17072692
People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech. RNA mRNA 2 0, 14 or 0, 28 days IM ChiCTR2000034112
ChiCTR2000039212



Supplementary Table 2. 162 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation
Platform Type of candidate vaccine Developer Coronavirus target Current stage of clinical evaluation/regulatory status- Coronavirus
candidate 		Same platform for non-Coronavirus candidates
DNA DNA plasmids containing S-gene Biosun Pharmed SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA plasmid vaccine Globe  Biotech Limited, Bangladesh SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA Plasmid DNA, nanostructured RBD National institute of Chemistry, Slovenia SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA, engineered vaccine inserts compatible
with multiple delivery systems 		DIOSynVax Ltd / University of Cambridge SARS-CoV-2 and
Sarbeco-CoV 		Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA vaccine Ege University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA plasmid vaccine RBD&N Scancell/University of Nottingham/ Nottingham Trent University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA plasmid vaccine S,S1,S2,RBD &N National Research Centre, Egypt SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA with electroporation Karolinska Institute / Cobra Biologics
(OPENCORONA Project) 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA with electroporation Chula Vaccine Research Center SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA Takis/Applied DNA Sciences/Evvivax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA Plasmid DNA, Needle-Free Delivery Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc./EpiVax, Inc./PharmaJet SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical SARS
DNA DNA vaccine BioNet Asia SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA msDNA vaccine Mediphage Bioceuticals/University of Waterloo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
DNA DNA vaccine Entos Pharmaceuticals SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated + Alum Shifa Pharmed SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated Milad Pharmaceutics Co. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical MMR, IPV
Inactivated Inactivated Zista Kian Azma Co. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical MMR, IPV
Inactivated Inactivated Kocak Farma Ilac ve Kimya San. A.S. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Egg-based, inactivated, whole chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Hexapro) +
CpG 1018 		Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC; Vietnam) / Dynavax
/ PATH 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Egg-based, inactivated, whole chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Hexapro) +
CpG 1018 		Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO; Thailand) / Dynavax / PATH SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Egg-based, inactivated, whole chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion-stabilized trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Hexapro) +
CpG 1018 		Institute Butantan (Brazil) / Dynavax / PATH SARS-CoV-2 Pre-clinical
Inactivated Inactivated + alum KM Biologics SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical JE, Zika
Inactivated Inactivated Selcuk University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated Erciyes University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated whole virus National Research Centre, Egypt SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated TBD Osaka University/ BIKEN/ NIBIOHN SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated + CpG 1018 Sinovac/Dynavax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Inactivated Inactivated + CpG 1018 Valneva/Dynavax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Live Attenuated Virus Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University / Acıbadem Labmed Health Services
A.S. 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Live Attenuated Virus Codon deoptimized live attenuated vaccines Indian Immunologicals Ltd/Griffith University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non Replicating Viral Vector Ad 5 vector for intranasal administration University of Helsinki & University of Eastern Finland SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non Replicating Viral Vector Adenovirus Type 5 Vector Globe  Biotech Limited, Bangladesh SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Sendai virus vector ID Pharma SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adenovirus-based Ankara University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adeno-associated virus vector (AAVCOVID) Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Massachusetts General Hospital/AveXis SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector MVA encoded VLP GeoVax/BravoVax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical LASV, EBOV, MARV, HIV
Non-replicating viral vector MVA-S encoded DZIF – German Center for Infection Research/IDT Biologika GmbH SARS-CoV2 Pre-clinical Many
Non-replicating viral vector MVA-S IDIBAPS-Hospital Clinic, Spain SARS-CoV2 Pre-clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Intranasal Ad5 vaccine encoding RBD Altimmune, Inc. SARS-CoV2 IND filed Influenza (NasoVAX), Anthrax
(NasoShield)
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Adeno5-based Erciyes University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Ad5 S (GREVAX™ platform) Greffex SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical MERS
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Oral Ad5 S Stabilitech Biopharma Ltd SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Zika, VZV, HSV-2 and Norovirus
Non-Replicating Viral Vector adenovirus-based  +  HLA-matched peptides Valo Therapeutics Ltd Pan-Corona Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Vaxart SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical InfA, CHIKV, LASV, NORV; EBOV, RVF, HBV, VEE
Non-Replicating Viral Vector MVA expressing structural proteins Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Spain SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Multiple candidates
Non-Replicating Viral Vector parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based vaccine
expressing the spike protein 		University of Georgia/University of Iowa SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical MERS
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Recombinant deactivated rabies virus
containing S1 		Bharat Biotech/Thomas Jefferson University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical HeV, NiV, EBOV, LASSA, CCHFV, MERS
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Influenza A H1N1 vector National Research Centre, Egypt SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Non-Replicating Viral Vector Newcastle disease virus expressing S Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant spike with adjuvant Iran SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Multiple candidates
Protein Subunit Recombinant S protein produced in BEVS Tampere University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit RBD protein delivered in mannose-
conjugated chitosan nanoparticle 		Ohio State University / Kazakh National Agrarian University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant spike protein with Essai O/W
1849101 adjuvant 		Kazakh National Agrarian University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Peptides Neo7Logic SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant spike protein with Essai O/W
1849101 adjuvant 		Kazakh National Agrarian University, Kazakhstan / National Scientific
Center for Especially Dangerous Infections 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant S protein Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit RBD protein (baculovirus production) + FAR-
Squalene adjuvant 		Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) / Universidad Peruana
Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Protein Subunit Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit RBD-protein Mynvax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant S protein Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Peptide + novel adjuvant Bogazici University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit S subunit intranasal liposomal formulation
with GLA/3M052 adjs. 		University of Virginia SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit S-Protein (Subunit) + Adjuvant, E coli based
Expression 		Helix Biogen Consult, Ogbomoso & Trinity Immonoefficient Laboratory,
Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Protein Subunit S,N,M&S1 protein National Research Centre, Egypt SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Protein Subunit University of San Martin and CONICET, Argentina SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit RBD protein fused with Fc of IgG + Adj. Chulalongkorn University/GPO, Thailand SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Capsid-like Particle AdaptVac (PREVENT-nCoV consortium) SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Drosophila S2 insect cell expression system
VLPs 		ExpreS2ion SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Peptide antigens formulated in LNP IMV Inc SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit S protein WRAIR/USAMRIID SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit S protein +Adjuvant National Institute of Infectious Disease, Japan/Shionogi/UMN Pharma SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Influenza
Protein Subunit VLP-recombinant protein + Adjuvant Osaka University/ BIKEN/  National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation,
Japan 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit microneedle arrays S1 subunit Univ. of Pittsburgh SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical MERS
Protein Subunit Peptide Vaxil Bio SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Peptide Flow Pharma Inc SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Ebola, Marburg, HIV, Zika, Influenza, HPV therapeutic vaccine, BreastCA
vaccine
Protein Subunit S protein AJ Vaccines SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Ii-Key peptide Generex/EpiVax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Influenza, HIV, SARS-CoV
Protein Subunit S protein EpiVax/Univ. of Georgia SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical H7N9
Protein Subunit Protein Subunit EPV-CoV-19 EpiVax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit gp-96 backbone Heat Biologics/Univ. Of Miami SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical NSCLC, HIV, malaria, Zika
Protein Subunit Subunit vaccine FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit S1 or RBD protein Baylor College of Medicine SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical SARS
Protein Subunit Subunit protein, plant produced iBio/CC-Pharming SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant protein, nanoparticles (based
on S-protein and other epitopes) 		Saint-Petersburg scientific research institute of vaccines and serums SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit COVID-19 XWG-03
truncated S (spike) proteins 		Innovax/Xiamen Univ./GSK SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical HPV
Protein Subunit Adjuvanted microsphere peptide VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Synthetic Long Peptide Vaccine candidate for
S and M proteins 		OncoGen SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Oral  E. coli-based protein expression system
of S and N proteins 		MIGAL Galilee Research Institute SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Nanoparticle vaccine LakePharma, Inc. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Plant-based subunit
(RBD-Fc + Adjuvant) 		Baiya Phytopharm/ Chula Vaccine Research Center SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit OMV-based vaccine Quadram Institute Biosciences SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Flu A, plague
Protein Subunit OMV-based vaccine BiOMViS Srl/Univ. of Trento SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein subunit structurally modified spherical particles of
the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 		Lomonosov Moscow State University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical rubella, rotavirus
Protein Subunit Spike-based University of Alberta SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Hepatitis C
Protein Subunit Recombinant S1-Fc fusion protein AnyGo Technology SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant protein Yisheng Biopharma SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Recombinant S protein in IC-BEVS Vabiotech SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Orally delivered, heat stable subunit Applied Biotechnology Institute, Inc. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Peptides derived from Spike protein Axon Neuroscience SE SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Protein Subunit MOGAM Institute for Biomedical Research, GC Pharma SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit RBD-based Neovii/Tel Aviv University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV)-subunit Intravacc/Epivax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Outer Membrane Vesicle(OMV)-peptide Intravacc/Epivax SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Spike-based (epitope screening) ImmunoPrecise/LiteVax BV SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Protein Subunit Spiked-based Nanografi Nano Technology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara
University, 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Bacteria Vector Oral Salmonella enteritidis (3934Vac) based
protein expression system of RBD 		Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) / Universidad Peruana
Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector Intranasal Newcastle disease virus vector
(rNDV-FARVET) expressing RBD 		Farmacológicos Veterinarios SAC (FARVET SAC) / Universidad Peruana
Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector YF17D Vector KU Leuven SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector Measles Vector Cadila Healthcare Limited SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector Measles Vector FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector Measles Virus (S, N targets) DZIF – German Center for Infection Research/CanVirex AG SARS-CoV2 Pre-clinical Zika, H7N9, CHIKV
Replicating Viral Vector Horsepox vector expressing S protein Tonix Pharma/Southern Research SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Smallpox, monkeypox
Replicating Viral Vector Live viral vectored vaccine based on attenuated influenza virus backbone (intranasal) BiOCAD and IEM SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Influenza
Replicating Viral Vector Recombinant vaccine based on Influenza A virus, for the prevention of COVID-19 (intranasal) FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Influenza
Replicating Viral Vector Attenuated Influenza expressing
an antigenic portion of the Spike protein 		Fundação Oswaldo Cruz and Instituto Buntantan SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical Influenza
Replicating Viral Vector Influenza vector expressing RBD University of Hong Kong SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector Replicating VSV vector-based DC-targeting University of Manitoba SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector VSV-S University of Western Ontario SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical HIV, MERS
Replicating Viral Vector VSV-S Aurobindo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector VSV vector FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector M2-deficient single replication (M2SR)
influenza vector 		UW–Madison/FluGen/Bharat Biotech SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical influenza
Replicating Viral Vector Newcastle disease virus vector (NDV-SARS-
CoV-2/Spike) 		Intravacc/ Wageningen Bioveterinary Research/Utrecht Univ. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
Replicating Viral Vector Avian paramyxovirus vector (APMV) The Lancaster University, UK SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA Providence Therapeutics SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA Cell Tech Pharmed SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA ReNAP Co. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA D614G variant LNP-encapsulated mRNA Globe Biotech Ltd SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA saRNA formulated in a NLC Infectious Disease Research Institute/ Amyris, Inc. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-encapsulated mRNA encoding S Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA Self-amplifying RNA Gennova SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA Selcuk University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-mRNA Translate Bio/Sanofi Pasteur SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-mRNA CanSino Biologics/Precision NanoSystems SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-encapsulated mRNA  cocktail encoding
VLP 		Fudan University/ Shanghai JiaoTong University/RNACure Biopharma SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-encapsulated mRNA encoding RBD Fudan University/ Shanghai JiaoTong University/RNACure Biopharma SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA Replicating Defective SARS-CoV-2 derived
RNAs 		Centro Nacional Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Spain SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-encapsulated mRNA University of Tokyo/ Daiichi-Sankyo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical MERS
RNA Liposome-encapsulated mRNA BIOCAD SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA Several mRNA candidates RNAimmune, Inc. SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA China CDC/Tongji University/Stermina SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA LNP-mRNA Chula Vaccine Research Center/University of Pennsylvania SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA in an intranasal delivery system eTheRNA SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA Greenlight Biosciences SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
RNA mRNA IDIBAPS-Hospital Clinic, Spain SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
T-cell based CD8 T cell peptide targeting (S, M, N) and
(NSPs) SARS-CoV-2 proteins 		OSE immunotherapeutics SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP Plant derived VLP Shiraz University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP VLPs produced in BEVS Tampere University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP VLP Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP Virus-like particle-based Dendritic Cell(DC)-
targeting vaccine 		University of Manitoba SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP VLP Bezmialem Vakif University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP VLP Middle East Technical University SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP Enveloped Virus-Like Particle (eVLP) VBI Vaccines Inc. SARS-CoV-2,
SARS-CoV,
MERS-CoV 		Pre-Clinical CMV, GBM, Zika
VLP S protein integrated in HIV VLPs IrsiCaixa AIDS Research/IRTA-CReSA/Barcelona Supercomputing
Centre/Grifols 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP VLP + Adjuvant Mahidol University/ The Government Pharmaceutical Organization
(GPO)/Siriraj Hospital 		SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP Virus-like particles,  lentivirus and
baculovirus vehicles 		Navarrabiomed, Oncoimmunology group SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP Virus-like particle, based on RBD displayed
on virus-like particles 		Saiba GmbH SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP ADDomerTM multiepitope display Imophoron Ltd and Bristol University’s Max Planck Centre SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP Unknown Doherty Institute SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical
VLP VLP OSIVAX SARS-CoV1
SARS-CoV2 		Pre-Clinical
VLP eVLP ARTES Biotechnology SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical malaria
VLP VLPs peptides/whole virus Univ. of Sao Paulo SARS-CoV2 Pre-Clinical

2. Landscape of global COVID-19 vaccine candidates development

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): information about the new virus variant
New SARS-COV-2 variant: information and risk assessment
Central Alerting System (CAS) alert
New variant clustering in households analysis (ONS)
SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow antigen tests: evaluation of VUI-202012/01
WTO: Statement of the WHO Working Group on COVID-19 Animal Models (WHO-COM) about the UK and South African SARS-CoV-2 new variants.
EMA guidance for COVID-19 vaccine Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant: Variant of Concern 202012/01
    • Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant: 202012/01. Technical briefing 2
    • Investigation of novel SARS-CoV-2 variant: 202012/01. Technical briefing 1


New variant of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) B.1.1.7 lineage spreaded in UK

The world is in midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently a novel SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) lineage, the B.1.1.7 lineage, with serials of site mutation, shows stronger infection ability in the UK. The SARS-COV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage carries a larger than a usual number of coronavirus genetic changes. 

Extended Reading: Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations

Relative products collection:
GeneMedi products for New variant of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) UK B.1.1.7 lineage

New variant of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) 501Y.V2 lineage(B.1.351) spreaded in South African SARS-CoV-2

The South African variant is characterized by eight lineage-defining mutations in the spike protein including three key residues in the receptor binding domain (K417N, E484K and N501Y) and is referred to as lineage 501Y.V2.

Extended Reading: Alert Notification: New SARS-CoV-2 variant with multiple spike protein mutations

Relative products collection:
GeneMedi products for New variant of SARS-COV-2 (2019nCOV) South Africa 501Y.V2 lineage(B.1.351)

3. COVID-19 News and announcements collection on the new mutant variants of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) virus

NERVTAG statements on COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
    • NERVTAG/SPI-M Extraordinary meetingon SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (variant B.1.1.7)
    • NERVTAG meetingon SARS-CoV-2 variant under investigation VUI-202012/01
    • CPR as an AGP - Evidence review and NERVTAG consensus

PHE investigating a novel variant of COVID-19
Rapid evaluation confirms lateral flow devices effective in detecting new COVID-19 variant
Confirmed cases of COVID-19 variant from South Africa identified in UK
Statement from Chief Medical Officer, Professor Chris Whitty, about new strain of COVID-19


4. About COVID-19 Pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral pneumonia caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). First discovered in Wuhan, a city in Hubei province of China, COVID-19 has already broken out throughout the world and posed a great threat to the public health, especially in Europe and North America now. Additionally, person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 disease is reported to be extremely rapid [158-160]. To date, more than one million cases were infected with COVID-19 and over 55,000 deaths occurred. Therefore, it is really urgent and noteworthy to develop the vaccines specific to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.

Belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus family, SARS-CoV-2 is 60～200nm in diameter and encapsidates a large positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus (26-32kb) with many spikes on the virus capsid (Fig. 17A). The RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes several accessory proteins and structural proteins, such as nucleocapsid (N) protein, envelope (E) protein, membrane (M) protein, and spike (S) protein (Fig. 10B). Although the detailed mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been clearly illuminated, several studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells via utilizing spike (S) protein to bind to the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) on the surface of target cell [161, 162]. Picture loading failed.
Figure S1. SARS-CoV-2 capsid structure and genome map. (A) Three-dimensional structure diagram of SARS-CoV-2. (B) Genome organization of SARS-CoV-2 [158]. ORF: open reading frame. E: envelope. M: membrane. N: nucleocapsid. HR1: heptad repeat 1. HR2: heptad repeat 2. SP: signal peptide. NTD: N-terminal domain. RBD: receptor binding domain. S: spike. S1: subunit 1. S2: subunit 2. TM: transmembrane domain.

Since the genome sequences of SARS-CoV were discovered and reported (https://www.gisaid.org/CoV2020/), a large number of pharmaceutical enterprises and research organizations are sparing all efforts to the vaccine development. Different companies utilize different targets and antigen epitopes. Some of the advances are listed in the following Table 10 (from WHO), and most of them focus on viral vector-based vaccines (replicating or non-replicating viral vector-based vaccines), recombinant protein (Spike), and nucleic acid-based vaccines. To date, two COVID-19 vaccines have entered Phase I clinical testing to assess the safety and potency of vaccines. One is mRNA-1273, was developed by Moderna Therapeutics, encoding a prefusion-stabilized form of Spike (S) protein [163] (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41587-020-00005-z). Another vaccine is recombinant protein of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, developed by Chinese Academy of Military Sciences, Institute of Military Medicine. It was predicted that these vaccines can be applied in clinics in a large scale as early as 2021 if they can successfully pass the clinical testing. Although there is a long way for theses vaccines to be applied for prevention and therapy of COVID-19, they indeed bring great hope and light to people all over the world.



References

1. 2 Korber, B. et al. Spike mutation pipeline reveals the emergence of a more transmissible form of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv Preprint., doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.069054 (2020). 2. Investigation of novel SARS-COV-2 variant. Public health England. 3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Rapid increase of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with multiple spike protein mutations observed in the United Kingdom – 20 December 2020.ECDC: Stockholm; 2020. 4. Li, G. & De Clercq, E. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0 (2020). 5. Haque, A. & Pant, A. B. Efforts at COVID-19 Vaccine Development: Challenges and Successes. Vaccines 8, doi:10.3390/vaccines8040739 (2020). 6. Dong, Y. et al. A systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 5, doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00352-y (2020). 7. Andrew Rambaut1, N. L., Oliver Pybus, Wendy Barclay, Jeff Barrett5, Alesandro Carabelli6, Tom Connor, Tom Peacock, David L Robertson8, Erik Volz, . Preliminary genomic characterisation of an emergent SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK defined by a novel set of spike mutations. https://virological.org/ (2020). 8. Rapid increase of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with multiple spike protein mutations observed in the United Kingdom. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control: Publications & data. 9. Zhang, L. et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA reverse-transcribed and integrated into the human genome. bioRxiv Preprint. , doi:10.1101/2020.12.12.422516 (2020).




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