Immuno-Diagnostics Antibodies & Antigens for Veterinary infectious disease Test

Abstract - Animal health diagnosis

Animal infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to animal health, food safety, national economy, and the environment. Zoonotic infections, also named as zoonoses, involve veterinary pathogens that are sustained in animal populations but can be transmitted to and cause disease in humans. In the event of veterinary outbreaks, it is essential to make rapid and accurate diagnosis to control and prevent the spread of diseases. Here we discuss different diagnostic methods available to identify animal diseases and zoonotic infections. Efficient diagnosis strategies are critical for controlling and eliminating animal diseases and zoonoses, further protecting and improving animal health, quality, and productivity.

Introduction of animal infectious disease

Animal diseases are globally important diseases and lead to huge economic losses. The emergence of animal disease infections and their worldwide distribution are predisposed by climate change, intense livestock production, illegal movements of animals and humans, regional civil wars and increasing trade.

The spread of infectious diseases has increased the risk of catastrophic animal losses. Some animal diseases can transmit from animals to humans and vice versa, termed zoonoses. Zoonoses encompass some of the most ancient communicable diseases, such as rabies and plague, as well as newly recognized emerging infections, such as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Routes of transmission of zoonosis to humans through direct contact or through food, water, or the environment, contributing to 61% of infectious organisms affecting humans [1, 2].

Zoonosis can be caused by veterinary pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, mycobacteria, parasites, viruses, and prions. The disease symptoms in humans range from mild and self-limiting to fatal [3]. Table 1 highlights some animal infectious diseases and their veterinary pathogens, in Table 2 we highlight some selected important zoonotic diseases and their veterinary pathogens

Table 1. Some animal infectious diseases and their pathogens

Table 2. Selected important zoonotic diseases and their veterinary pathogens

Disease/Condition	Biomarker Recource	Catalog No.	Product name	Products Information
Avian influenza	Avian influenza virus	GMP-VT-P175-Tg001-Ag	AIV Nucleoprotein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P175-Tg001-Ab	Anti-AIV Nucleoprotein antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P175-Tg002-Ag	AIV Hemagglutinin antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P175-Tg002-Ab	Anti-AIV Hemagglutinin antibody	Details
Rabies	Rabies virus (RV)	GMP-VT-P018-Tg001-Ag	Rabies virus Glycoprotein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P018-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Rabies virus Glycoprotein antibody	Details
Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucellosis	Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis (Brucellosis)	GMP-VT-P100-Tg001-Ag	Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis Outer Membrane Protein 2b antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis Outer Membrane Protein 2b antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg002-Ag	Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis P17 Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg002-Ab	Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis P17 Protein antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg003-Ag	Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis BP26 Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg003-Ab	Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis BP26 Protein antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg004-Ag	Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis VirB5 Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg004-Ab	Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis VirB5 Protein antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg005-Ag	Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis Outer Membrane Protein 28 antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg005-Ab	Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis Outer Membrane Protein 28 antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg006-Ag	Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis VirB12 Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P100-Tg006-Ab	Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis VirB12 Protein antibody	Details
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)	Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)/prion	GMP-VT-P281-Tg001-Ag	prion Prion Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P281-Tg001-Ab	Anti-prion Prion Protein antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P281-Tg002-Ag	prion Prion-Related Protein (Scrapie) antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P281-Tg002-Ab	Anti-prion Prion-Related Protein (Scrapie) antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P281-Tg003-Ag	prion Prion Protein Resistant antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P281-Tg003-Ab	Anti-prion Prion Protein Resistant antibody	Details
Q fever	Coxiella	GMP-VT-P042-Tg001-Ag	Coxiella Com1 Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P042-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Coxiella Com1 Protein antibody	Details
Salmonellosis	Salmonella spp	GMP-VT-P238-Tg001-Ag	Salmonella spp antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P238-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Salmonella spp antibody	Details
Hemolytic uremic syndrome/E. coli infection	Escherichia coli O157:H7	GMP-VT-P290-Tg001-Ag	E.coli O157:H7 Outer Membrane Protein C antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P290-Tg001-Ab	Anti-E.coli O157:H7 Outer Membrane Protein C antibody	Details
		GMP-VT-P290-Tg002-Ag	E.coli O157:H7 Intimin Gamma 1 antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P290-Tg002-Ab	Anti-E.coli O157:H7 Intimin Gamma 1 antibody	Details
Psittacosis	Chlamydia psittaci	GMP-VT-P184-Tg001-Ag	Chlamydia psittaci Major Outer Membrane Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P184-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Chlamydia psittaci Major Outer Membrane Protein antibody	Details
Glanders	Burkholderia mallei	GMP-VT-P253-Tg001-Ag	Burkholderia mallei Hcp1 antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P253-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Burkholderia mallei Hcp1 antibody	Details
Cat scratch disease	Bartonella, henselae/quintana	GMP-VT-P032-Tg001-Ag	Bartonella henselae Protein 26 antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P032-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Bartonella henselae Protein 26 antibody	Details
Cryptosporidiosis	Cryptosporidium parvum	GMP-VT-P259-Tg001-Ag	Cryptosporidium parvum P23 Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P259-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Cryptosporidium parvum P23 Protein antibody	Details
Giardiasis	Giardia lamblia	GMP-VT-P264-Tg001-Ag	Giardia lamblia Alpha-1 Giardin antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P264-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Giardia lamblia Alpha-1 Giardin antibody	Details
Toxoplasmosis	Toxoplasma gondii	GMP-VT-P278-Tg001-Ag	T.gondii Surface Antigen 1 (SAG1) antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P278-Tg001-Ab	Anti-T.gondii Surface Antigen 1 (SAG1) antibody	Details
Trichinosis	Trichinella spp.	GMP-VT-P234-Tg001-Ag	Trichinella Cystatin-Like Protein antigen	Details
		GMP-VT-P234-Tg001-Ab	Anti-Trichinella Cystatin-Like Protein antibody	Details

Summary

In the recent years, importance of animal disease and their public health effects have been well recognized worldwide. Animal disease, more significantly, zoonotic disease cause human mortality and morbidity, and also affect livestock's production, decrease availability of food and create barriers for international trade.

Rapid diagnosis is critical for the implementation of efficient control strategies against animal disease and zoonotic disease. Understanding animal disease infection dynamics and collecting appropriate specimens at the appropriate time window are also important to obtain reliable diagnostic results. A number of virological and serological methods have been developed and used for animal disease diagnostic testing.

RT-PCR is the method of common choice for the detection of animal disease; IHC combined with hematoxylin and eosin staining has also been commonly used to examine histopathological lesions caused by animal disease. Success rate of virus isolation in cell cultures has been low. Serological assays can provide information about previous exposure to animal disease and also determine antibody responses to infection or vaccination when vaccines are available. Rolling out serological test would be an effective strategy to determine the percentage of the population that is immune and have shown no symptoms for the animal disease.

Thereby, determining the exact magnitude of the outbreak and enabling governments to assess containment strategies to slow down the spread. The major drawbacks with these immunoassays are their accuracy and sensitivity of the test results. Therefore, there needs to be extensive research and testing done to develop new cost-effective methods to quickly and easily determine animal disease infection. Whereas, any such emerging approach must be carefully evaluated for its efficiency, accuracy, and linear range. The FDA approval and evaluation of each diagnostic technique is necessary before it can be used in practice.

Full product list for Avian, Fish, Pet, Pig, Ruminants

Validated animal health diagnostic antibodies pairs and antigens for animal infectious diseases diagnostic testing in ELISA, Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and other immunoassays.

GeneMedi offers paired antibodies and antigens for Animal Health Diagnostic testing including most of the infectious disease in different animals:Avian(birds), fish, pets(cat, dog, rabbit), pig, ruminants(cow, goat, sheep, ox, cattle, bull) and so on(please see below).

All our animal health diagnostic antibodies and antigens for antimals infectious diseases test are suitable for in functional sandiwich ELISA, and other immunoassays in diagnostics. The antibodies can act as a capture antibody and detection antibody. The antigens can be used for antibodies rapid test of infectious disease.

Technical Resource

The Knowledge base of Diagnostics Immuno-Diagnostics Antibodies & Antigens for Veterinary NCDs (noncommunicable diseases) Test What is animal infectious disease? What is lateral flow and how to use it for animal infectious disease? Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) Immunofluorescence staining (IF)- strategies for animal health Immunohistochemistry (IHC), In situ hybridization (ISH), Virus isolation (VI) Electron microscopy (EM), Molecular Methods The strategies used in diagnosis of animal infectious disease for animal health

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